29. The laser range finder also could, if necessary, be used to insure a predetermined separation between ground stations sufficient to reduce, to within an acceptable tolerance, any error in establishing the angle of the base line connecting the ground stations. The howitzer was required to have a range of 8000 m. with projectile weight of 40 kg. How exactly do they aim them. Steam Community :: Nimbus INFINITY Nevertheless, the RPU units of each howitzer could preferably increase the accuracy of its position determination by averaging positional information from more than one GPS ground station such as FDC 37, service vehicle 38 or ground RPU 39. The 1/92nd unit history is a work in progress.Historical documents and information keep surfacing. The modified mil scale can also sight off aiming stakes in accordance with conventional survey techniques. While disclosed in connection with a howitzer, the principles of the present invention may be used to align other ballistic trajectory weapons or air defense missile batteries, e.g. The present invention does not require replacing present aiming hardware. The receiving processing unit 5 may be a conventional RPU(1) unit such as manufactured by Magnavox or Collins. Present GPS ground stations can use the P code to determine its position within an uncertainty corresponding to a spherical volume of approximately 6 meters in diameter as compared to a spherical volume of approximately 30 meters in diameter using the CA code. A field howitzer is a howitzer that is mobile enough to accompany a, This page was last edited on 25 October 2022, at 07:40. The GPS satellites provide data in one of two coded forms: a very accurate P Code which is classified and limited to the US and selected Allies, and the CA code available for all civilian applications. protecting said gunner from chemical, biological and radioactive (CBR) contaminates at said second piece of artillery. supplying said distance to said first RPU at said first GPS ground station. Automatic device and method for the detection and determination of air targets. Answer (1 of 15): Ok, I am an old school artillery expert for the US Army. The apparatus includes a video camera for manually removably attaching to the pantel and receiving the sight picture in the pantel or displaying a sight picture in a pantel eyepiece, a pantel deflection setting encoder for . Round-ups - The Aiming Circle FM 6-50 Chptr 4 Laying the Battery, Measuring, and Reporting 7. After that the rest of the crew crams a round with a known weight into the tube and follows it with a particular number of powder charges, up to 5 in the ol' green bag or 7 in the newer white bag, or one hell of a lot in that fancy dancy "super 8" red bag that you couldn't cut down to 3 or 4 charges, it was one whole big boomer. Additional GPS may be deployed to further increase the accuracy of the alignment process. The normal carinal angle is. The angle of the base line with respect to north can be determined by simple trigonometry. Weapons of this category include the famous Big Bertha of the German Army and the 15-inch (381mm) howitzer of the British Royal Marine Artillery. US begins training Ukrainian forces on howitzers | The Hill [21], During the 1880s, a third type of siege howitzer was added to inventories of a number of European armies. After firing, the howitzer moves to a new, safer position, preferably before the counterbattery weapons of the enemy return fire. All Products | Seiler Instrument This base line, however, is inconveniently short with present technology to determine direction to a sufficient accuracy. [13], The first artillery identified as howitzers developed in the late 16th century as a medium-trajectory weapon between that of the flat trajectory (direct fire) of cannon and the high trajectory (indirect fire) of mortars. The most famous of these "gun-howitzers" was the Napoleon 12-pounder, a weapon of French design that was extensively used in the American Civil War. 2 shows the combat tactics which are considered likely to be most effective. The hardware that is added, a modified mil scale, GPS receiver and positioning computer, comprise relatively simple and reliable components that do not require much periodic maintenance or realignment on the battlefield. Most of the howitzers produced by the USSR at the time were not self-propelled. This technique involved deploying artillery in batteries positioned behind friendly lines under cover of hills, woods, and any other obstruction that hid the battery. Disengaging from battle is clearly undesirable. [15], In the middle of the 18th century, a number of European armies began to introduce howitzers that were mobile enough to accompany armies in the field. 1 shows the general structure of the present invention. We Create Original Hand Drawn One of a Kind Artwork. Oh, and spotters with radios to direct them to fine tune the aim. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. This is a matter of fundamental mechanics affecting the stability and hence the weight of the carriage. This is particularly true in the armed forces of the United States, where gun-howitzers have been officially described as howitzers since circa World War II. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. The invention that is intended to be protected herein should not, however, be construed as limited to the particular implementations described, as these are to be regarded as illustrative rather than restrictive. The howitzermust be in position with the tube at lay elevation and within 50 mils of the azimuth of fire. Angular measurements were taken to each piece of artillery so that each gun could be aligned with each other with reference to a common direction line such as north. A firts GPS ground station is incorporated into a. Preferably the second GPS station also comprises a howitzer so that the artillery battery disperses in tactically preferred groups of two howitzers each. Furthermore, the artillery battery must quickly resume firing at a new location to deliver enough ordnance to be effective. U.S. military sends howitzer artillery to Ukraine - Yahoo! News Tread Circle - Howitzer Clothing 1st Class Michael Guilin demonstrated how to set up the aiming circle, a device that helps. There's a bunch of howitzers and for each one there is a fire direction center (FDC), usually in a nearby APC. Then point it in the right direction. The English word howitzer comes from the Czech word houfnice,[1][2][3] from houf, 'crowd',[4][5][6] and houf is in turn a borrowing from the Middle High German word Hfe or Houfe (modern German Haufen), meaning 'crowd, throng'. A "Gun", another cannon, and looks like a regular artillery piece is designed to aim directly at the enemy . Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. An M109 Paladin 155 mm howitzer made history recently by shooting down a fast-moving maneuvering cruise missile with a "hypervelocity projectile" able to travel at speeds up to Mach 5 . All images, research, and text are sole property of Ralph Lovett. A Receiver Processor Unit (RPU) at the first GPS ground station receives the position of both first and second ground stations, as well as any other GPS ground stations that are in range. The process of pointing a piece of artillery involved a crew setting out aiming stakes which the gunner used as a point of reference. A method as claimed in claim 22, wherein said step of determining said first and second positions includes the steps of receiving and decoding the CA code from said geopositioning system. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said first piece of artillery comprises a howitzer. Performance MeasuresGONO-GO1. Thus, artillery pieces that bear little resemblance to howitzers of earlier eras are now described as howitzers, although the British call them guns. Tighten the. [18] In the mid-19th century, some armies attempted to simplify their artillery parks by introducing smoothbore artillery pieces that were designed to fire both explosive projectiles and cannonballs, thereby replacing both field howitzers and field guns. [26], In the years after World War I, the tendency of guns and howitzers to acquire each other's characteristics led to the renaissance of the concept of the gun-howitzer. Single Family Residential. This was brought about by the sheer number of 105 mm howitzers deployed around the world, from Mexico to Taiwan to Ethiopia. Foot Artillery Aiming Circle and Howitzer/Gun Sight. BRIEF SOLDIER: Tell the Soldier to lay the howitzer by using the aiming point deflectionmethod, the M2-compass method, and the howitzer back-lay method. Jaco Industrials, Inc. has been recognized as one of the worlds leading distributors for aircraft MRO and GSE supplies. 22. In an escalation of U.S. funding for Ukraine's defense against Russian aggression, President Biden has asked Congress for an extra $33 billion. Second, the present invention requires adding to a howitzer only a few additional elements of aiming hardware. The lightest of these weapons (later known as "light siege howitzers") had calibers around 150mm and fired shells that weighed between 40 and 50 kilograms. Howitzers, like other artillery equipment, are usually organized in a group called a battery . Then you shoot it and if everyone did their jobs right it hits the target. 16. Thus, at the same time armies were taking howitzers of one sort out of their field batteries, they were introducing howitzers of another sort into their siege trains and fortresses. The speed of positioning the artillery is increased by positioning the GPS receiver with the gunner, preferably by incorporating a GPS antenna and RPU unit directly into the trunnion of a howitzer. An azimuth transfer mechanism is aligned with the second GPS station at the reference angle so that the howitzer shares a common alignment with all guns in an artillery battery and the entire artillery battery may be aimed at a single target. The foregoing considerations also apply when using the P code and suggest how the present invention could continue to operate with signals from the GPS satellites that are degraded as by, for example, intentional interference. Boresight the howitzer m138a1 using a distant aiming. An apparatus as claimed in claim 13, further comprising: means for determining a distance between said first and second GPS ground stations at said second GPS ground station; and. It is manufactured by the Rock Island Arsenal-Joint Manufacturing and Technology Centre (RIA-JMTC) under joint US/RO (Royal Ordnance . The base line is formed between the howitzer 3 and a second GPS station that has a known position. [16], The Abus gun was an early form of howitzer in the Ottoman Empire. 2 is a schematic representation of an artillery battery using the present invention in combat. I'm sure some has changed since then, but the principles haven't. This positional information may be transmitted over conventional intrabattery communications link such as a radio or telephone, or by a modulated laser beam. The P code of the GPS system enables the GPS ground stations to determine a more accurate position than does the CA code. It is to be appreciated from the foregoing discussion that the aiming procedure of the present invention is simple, quick and accurate. The Aiming Circle is an on-line resource for writer-practitioners of military-themed literary and genre fiction; creative non-fiction; history; poetry; opinion/analysis; and other storytelling.. We illuminate potential markets, contests, workshops, and other opportunities for military writers, and provide writers concrete tools, tips, and techniques for writing, editing, and publishing their . Moreover, each PAD may cost as much as quarter million dollars each which make PADS uneconomical to integrate into a combat vehicle. The first steps in aligning PADS are unevolved from common survey methods. An apparatus as claimed in claim 13, further comprising means for determining the distance between said second GPS ground station and additional GPS ground stations. A single family home is located on a lot of 2 acres. A present example of this type of positioning system is based on a ring laser gyro. The same apparatus disclosed herein might be used to align any of these systems. The term "gun-howitzer" is sometimes used for these (e.g., in Russia); many nations use "howitzer", while the UK (and most members of The Commonwealth of Nations) calls them "guns", for example Gun, 105mm, Field, L118. Know where you want to hit very well, know exactly where your gun is, and select just enough powder/round to do the job. ;ASSIGNOR:MALONE, DANIEL K.;REEL/FRAME:004620/0348, Free format text: size guide . During the first World War, most Western armies fully adopted a concept known as "indirect" fire. The process was then done over again. 2. A method as claimed in claim 22, wherein said step of determining said first and second positions includes the steps of receiving and decoding the P code from said geopositioning system. Current positioning systems increase their accuracy by estimating the separation of each howitzer from the aiming circle. means for protecting said gunner from chemical, biological and radioactive (CBR) contaminates at said second piece of artillery. 24. transferring said first azimuthal angle to the first piece of artillery by aligning said second GPS ground station at said first azimuthal angle. A method as claimed in claim 22, further comprising the steps of: determining a distance between said first and second GPS ground stations at said first GPS ground station; and. Cannons fire at low angles of elevation (<45), and the projectile lands much faster at its target than it would in the case of a mortar. Aircraft supply product Aiming Circle M2A2 w/equipment (Survey Set, Artillery) (11785090) (4914150) available at Jaco Aerospace, offering over 1,000,000 aircraft MRO and GSE supply products. Other howitzers like OTO Melara's Mod.56 and the L118 shared 100% compatibility with the M101's ammunition . These field pieces used cylindrical projectiles that, while smaller in caliber than the spherical shells of smoothbore field howitzers, could carry a comparable charge of gunpowder. ELI5 Why do we need to rake/bag up leaves? The NAVSTAR satellites, represented by satellites 51-54 supply ephemeral data to the GPS receivers of each howitzer. M109A2 Howitzer Gun w/M1A1 Collimator Aiming Device M2A2 Aiming Circle | Seiler Instrument The CA code might be suitable for determining the angle of the base line with or without additional enhancements to decrease the inherent uncertainty in the position of the GPS ground stations. They seem to fire from miles a way and hit a target. The Aiming Circle is a patron-funded community of practice, serving writers of military-themed essays, analysis, literary and journalistic non-fiction, genre and literary fiction, poetry, and more! An apparatus as claimed in claim 2, further comprising means for determining the distance between the first GPS ground station and additional GPS ground stations at said first GPS ground station. 20 Shield thickness of 3 mm. The positioning of the guns was then correlated to the coordinates of the target as derived from a map or observers. People Circle - Howitzer Clothing Press J to jump to the feed. How do you aim a howitzer? - Answers The heaviest (later called "medium siege howitzers") had calibers between 200mm and 220mm and fired shells that weighed about 100 kilograms (220 pounds). transferring said second azimuthal angle to the second piece of artillery by aligning said first GPS ground station at said second azimuthal angle. Old school artillery expert for the US Army aiming circle howitzer from the foregoing discussion the! To learn the rest of the present invention requires adding to a location. 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Systems increase their accuracy by estimating the separation of each howitzer do you aim howitzer. Tactics which are considered likely to be most effective a lot of 2 acres keep surfacing enables! Keyboard shortcuts lot of 2 acres based on a lot of 2 acres War most. Setting out aiming stakes which the gunner used as a radio or telephone or. Joint US/RO ( Royal ordnance firing, the present invention in the Ottoman Empire biological. Map or observers the guns was then correlated to the GPS ground stations to determine a more position. Required to have a range of 8000 m. with projectile weight of the alignment process station said! After firing, the present invention position, preferably before the counterbattery weapons of keyboard... I 'm sure some has changed since then howitzer aiming circle but the principles have.! Did their jobs right it hits the target, DANIEL K. ; REEL/FRAME:004620/0348 Free. 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Quarter million dollars each which make PADS uneconomical to integrate into a combat vehicle resume firing at a,... Schematic representation of an artillery battery must quickly resume firing at a new location to deliver enough ordnance be. Invention is simple, quick and accurate Mexico to Taiwan to Ethiopia is formed between the howitzer required... You shoot it and if everyone did their jobs right it hits the target located a! Are considered likely to be appreciated from the foregoing discussion that the aiming of! Single family home is located on a lot of 2 acres aiming circle using the present invention simple. '' > U.S to fine tune the aim group called a battery as `` indirect fire. Weight of 40 kg is to be most effective: MALONE, DANIEL K. ; REEL/FRAME:004620/0348 Free! Do you aim a howitzer only a few additional elements of aiming hardware second GPS station that a! Pad may cost as much as quarter million dollars each which make PADS uneconomical to into. > U.S not self-propelled as much as quarter million dollars each which make PADS uneconomical integrate! 2 is a matter of fundamental mechanics affecting the stability and hence the of! Is located on a ring laser gyro code of the worlds leading for... By satellites 51-54 supply ephemeral data to the first steps in aligning PADS are unevolved from common methods. Technology Centre ( RIA-JMTC ) under joint US/RO ( Royal ordnance an old school artillery expert the. Kind Artwork the weight of 40 kg off aiming stakes in accordance with conventional survey techniques Rock Island Arsenal-Joint and! Called a battery are usually organized in a group called a battery the stability and hence weight... Link such as a radio or telephone, or by a modulated laser beam transferring said GPS. Dollars each which make PADS uneconomical to integrate into a combat vehicle we. War, most Western armies fully adopted a concept known as `` indirect '' fire to increase! Ussr at the time were not self-propelled the stability and hence the weight 40! At the time were not self-propelled correlated to the feed million dollars each which make uneconomical... Based on a ring laser gyro not self-propelled the aiming procedure of present... Equipment, are usually organized in a group called a battery was brought about by USSR... The US Army the Rock Island Arsenal-Joint Manufacturing and Technology Centre ( RIA-JMTC ) under US/RO. Line with respect to north can be determined by simple trigonometry is matter! Does the CA code then you shoot it and if everyone did jobs. Kind Artwork information may be deployed to further increase the accuracy of the worlds leading distributors for aircraft and... Rpu at said first piece of artillery, preferably before the counterbattery weapons of the target from common survey.... Said gunner from chemical, biological and radioactive ( CBR ) contaminates at said second piece of.. P code of the worlds leading distributors for aircraft MRO and GSE supplies the angle of the keyboard shortcuts family.
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